STORY OF BELGIUM
*Belgium is a Small country in Europe which has a population of a little over one crore.
*The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex.
*Out of the total population of the country,59 percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language.Anther 40 percent people live in the Wallonia region and Speak French.Remaining one percent of the Belgians speak German.
*In Belgium's capital ,Brussels,80 percent are Dutch speaking.
*The Majority French-Speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
*This made Dutch-Speaking community angry as they the benefit of economic development and education much later.
*During the 1950s and 1960s,tensions between Dutch-Speaking and French-Speaking communities created due to these differences.
STORY OF SRI LANKA
*SriLanka is an Island nation,south of India having diverse population of about two crore people.
*The major social groups are the Sinhala-Speakers(74 percent) and the Tamil-Speakers(18 percent)
*Tamils are divided into two groups:
=Sri Lankan Tamils(13 percent)-Tamil natives of the country
=Indian Tamils(5 percent)-came from India during colonial period as plantation workers.
*Most of the Sinhala-speaking people are Buddhists,while most of the Tamils are Hindus and Muslims.
*There are about 7 percent christians,who are both Tamil and Sinhala.
CIVIL WAR
A War like conflict between two opposite groups in a country is known as civil war(Sinhala and Tamils in SRILANKA)
COALITION GOVERNMENT
When no single party is able to get an absolute majority in the parliament or the legislative assembly,two or more parties join to forms the government.Such a government is known as coalition Government.
COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT
A Form of government which is elected by the people belonging to one language community.This type of government exists in Belgium where Dutch,French and German speaking people,no matter where they live in the country,elect their government.
DUTCH
People belonging to Holland or the Netherlands and Speaking Dutch language are called Dutch.
ETHNIC
It is a Social division based on common descent or place of birth and have same culture.
EUROPEAN UNION
A political and an economic association formed by different countries of Europe.
EXECUTIVE
A Body of persons having authority to initiate major policies,make decisions and implement them on the basis of the constitution and laws of the country.
FORMS OF POWER SHARING
Power sharing can be between
(1)Organ of government
(2) Governments at different levels
(3) Social groups
(4)Political parties and pressure groups.
HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER
A system of dividing power amng different organs of government which are located on the same level,such as the legislature,executive and Judiciary.
*Power is shared among different organs of government,such as the legislature,executive and Judiciary.Example :INDIA
JUDICIARY
An institution empowered to administer justice and provide a mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes.All the courts in the country are collectively referred to as judiciary.
LEGISLATURE
An assembly of people's representatives with the power to enact laws for a country.In addition to enacting laws,legislatures have authority to raise taxes and adopt the budget and other money bills.
LTTE
LTTE Stands for Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
MAJORITARIANISM
It means, a belief that the majority community should be able to rule a country in its own way.
ORGAN OF THE STATE/GOVERNMENT
It means the various component of the government that helps in running of the country,e.g,Legislature,executive and judiciary.
POWER SHARING
Power sharing is necessary to ensure the stability of political order in a democracy.It is desirable to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.It ensures stability of government and unity of the nation.
*Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
*A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise,and who have to live with its effects.
PRUDENTIAL
An argument or decision,power sharing,based on practical outcome.
SRI LANKA
Sri Lanka is an Island nation,south of India having diverse population of about two crore people.
SINHALA
A language spoken by the members of majority community of Sri Lanka
VERTICAL DIVISION OF POWER
Power can be shared among governments at different levels--a central government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional levels.
such as:State government,Muncipal Corporation,Panchayat ,etc.
*Federal Government-- Power can be shared among governments at different levels- a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level.Example:USA
*Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.
Example:Community government in Belgium
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