Arthashastra

 Arthashstra was written by Chanakya.Chanakya was Prime minister of Chandragupta Maurya.The Arthashastra has 15 adhikaras of books.of which , the first five deal with tantra or internal administration of state, eight deal with avapa or its relations with neighboring states ,and the last two are miscellaneous in character.The work is concerned with all the topics that deal with internal administration.Chanakya is also known as Vishnu Gupta.

Mahamatras

The Maurya empire was divided into a number of provinces.In each province there was a Governor or Viceroy who was sometimes a prince of royal blood.The princes ,when appointed as Viceroys were called Kumar-Mahamatras while the rest of the Viceroys were simply designated as mahamatras. 

Sangam Literature

First five centuries of christian era is known as Sangam Period.The Sangam literature is mostly in the form of poetry. Certain poems have their commentaries as well. It is believed that this literature developed between 100 to 250 A.D.It proves that Tamil had grown to a literary language by that time.Only a part of the Sangam literature has been discovered .so far which has been compiled into several texts.

Permanent Settlement

PERMANENT SETTLEMENT

The most important measure of Cornwallis was his reform of the revenue system.Cornwallis , with the aid of Johan Shore , a Bengal civilian ,studied the whole question of land revenue for three years , and a settlement for 10 years was made in 1789 A.D. and the same system was made permanent in 1793 A.D. The Permanent settlement meant that a fixed sum was to be charged annually from the ' Zamindar' on their holdings without any enhancement at any time 

Champaran Satyagraha

 Gandhiji's first great experiment in Satyagraha came in 1917 at Champaran in Bihar. The European planters had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 of the total land (known as the Tinkathiya system) and also to sell their products at a very low price.Gandhi started a satyagraha against this '' Tinkathiya System''.

Government appointed a committee of enqiry on which Gandhiji served as a member. The committe of enquiry recommended some measures to alleviate the miseries of Indigo cultivators thereby bringing the Styagraha to an end.

The centres and Leaders of the Revolt

👉 Lucknow-- Begum Hazrat Mahal (Awadh)

👉Kanpur--Nna Saheb, Tantiya Tope

👉Delhi--Bahadur Shah , General Bhaktakhan

👉Bihar--Kunwar Singh

👉Jhansi--Rani Lakshmi Bai

👉Faridabad-- Maulavi Ahamadulla

👉Bareily--Khan Bahadur Khan

Wood Despatch

 Charles Wood became the president of the Board of controls.Later , he became the second secretary of state for India.The Educational Despatch of 1854 ,also known as Wood's Despatch by charles Wood.Wood Desptch generally considered as the Magna Carta of English Education in India.